Patents Expert Witnesses

Business, Financial & Marketing Expert Witness Listings

Please locate the patents expert witness you are searching for by clicking on the following links. Experts found here may consult on issues involving drug patents, patent prosecution, and patent infringement. These experts may provide reports regarding computer patents, design patents, and international patents and licensing. Consultants found here may also provide expert witness testimony on issues including mechanical patents, extended patents, genomic patents, software patents, invention patents, and international patents, as well as related issues.

These search results appear in random order. You may limit your search for Patents expert witnesses to your area by selecting a state from the drop down box.

Location:
MECHANICAL & ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING Why should you choose us? OUR CREDENTIALS, COMPETENCE, CREDIBILITY, COMMUNICATION FOUR C’S: • Credentials: Ph.D.-level, tenured Mechanical & Electrical engineering professors, • Competence: Internationally...
Dr. Jules Kamin received his Ph.D. in business economics, finance and management science from the University of Chicago Graduate School of Business, rated #1. He is an expert on economic damages and economic/financial aspects of liability. He brings...
Expertise includes adverse drug reactions; steroids; retinoids; prostaglandins; ocular drugs, pharmacology and toxicology; medicinal chemistry; patentability, patent infringement; drug discovery R and D; licensing contracts. Registered Patent Agent...
Location: California
Areas of Expertise: Expert witness testimony in complex litigation involving business, real estate, personal injury, marital dissolution, liability issues, damage analysis of lost profits, unjust enrichment, reasonable royalties and lost earnings, valuations, and fraud...
Location: Missouri
Areas of Expertise: Conatech is a consulting engineering firm with forty-four years industrial experience. We specialize in: • Process, Product & Package Development • Manufacturing/Packaging Line Design • Auditing Quality, Safety Procedures...
Location: California
Areas of Expertise: Meckler Forensic Group, Los Angeles, California professionals headed by Principal Milton Meckler, P.E., CPC, CES, have 20 plus years experience in several specialty areas involving general building , engineered construction and construction...
Location: Florida
Areas of Expertise: Meckler Forensic Group, Los Angeles, California professionals headed by Principal Milton Meckler, P.E., CPC, CES, have 20 plus years experience in several specialty areas involving general building , engineered construction and construction...
Location: California
Areas of Expertise: The Chatham Group is a Silicon Valley based consulting organization specializing in litigation support services for patent, copyright, trade secret, contract disputes, insurance claims, regulatory proceedings, antitrust and intellectual property...
Location: California
Areas of Expertise: Mr. Neches areas of expertise are: Expert Testimony Forensic Accounting Business Valuation Computer Database Analysis Certified Public Accountant Certified Valuation Analyst Certified Fraud Examiner Accredited in Business Valuation Damages Lost...
Location: Illinois
Areas of Expertise: Dr. Johnson is a chemist with over 35 years of experience in the areas of thermosetting resins and plastics, coatings, foundry materials, oil field proppants, adhesives, urethanes, phenolics and orthopedic bandages. Dr. Johnson established C. Johnson...
Location: Pennsylvania
Areas of Expertise: Your Link To Americas Most Qualified Experts! Get the right Expert and the right Service! Medical Advisors, Inc. provides top ranked Board Certified physicians and academicians in all medical specialties. Our in-house nurses and paralegals work...
Location: Texas
Areas of Expertise: Dr. Meherwan P. Boyce, P.E., CEng Fellow ASME (US), IDGTE (UK) & IMechE (UK); has over 45 years of experience in the field of TurboMachinery in both industry and academia. His industrial experience covers 20 years as Chairman and CEO of Boyce...
Location: Texas
Areas of Expertise: Dr. Jerner has assisted injured parties, defendants, insurers and attorneys for 30+ years as a litigation consultant and expert witness. Since 1968, Dr. Jerner has conducted more than 1300 failure analyses and accident investigations. He has given...
Location: Virginia
Areas of Expertise: Dr. Rice has over 30 years of technical and managerial experience in both industry and academia. His litigation support experience as an expert witness in patent litigation began in 1999. Dr. Rice has served as an expert witness in more than 25 cases...
Location: Florida
Areas of Expertise: Internet, telecommunications & information technology specialists for intellectual property consulting and patent litigation including web commerce technologies, web marketing disputes, internet copyright, software contract disputes, e-discovery...
Location: Florida
Areas of Expertise: Dr. Pasternack, a recognized coating expert, provides expert witness services for paints, coatings, chemicals, accidents, adhesives, EPA, failure analysis, hazardous materials, laboratory testing, MSDS, OSHA, patents, polymers, plastics, product...
Locations: Arizona and Maryland
Areas of Expertise: Dr. Mayer is a consultant in epidemiology and biostatistics that focuses on methods and models used in assessing risks. One of the few MD/PhD biostatistician-epidemiologists. He is a professor of biostatistics, epidemiology, public health and...
Location: California
Areas of Expertise: Daryl Martin oversees the valuation division. He is responsible for analyzing various intellectual property and intangible assets including trademarks, copyrights, patents, trade secrets, domain names, mailing lists, and customer databases. With over...
Location: New York
Areas of Expertise: R.F. Schiffmann Associates, Inc. offer expert advice in microwave heating: ovens, foods, packaging, industrial processing. Over 40 years microwave experience. Independent microwave consultant for over 30 years. Contract R&D laboratory. Teaching...
Location: California
Areas of Expertise: Created a CPA professional corporation specializing in serving the entertainment and media industry on an international basis including forensic accounting, income taxation,economic damage analysis, management consulting, special audits, and expert...
Location: New York
Areas of Expertise: Dr. Abraham has over thirty years of international experience consulting to insurance companies, municipalities, government agencies, and the legal profession. He has consulted in more than 3,500 matters involving human factors, safety, personal...
Location: Texas
Areas of Expertise: Chris Bakewell is Managing Director in the Dispute & Legal Management Consulting Practice at Duff & Phelps. Chris’ client assignments have included the valuation and strategic management of technology-rich businesses and intellectual property, the...
Location: Maryland
Areas of Expertise: Edwin Zucker, M.S., P.E. provides expert engineering services in support of defective product; construction contract disputes and surety claims; patent litigation; personal injury; automobile and machine accident; and other cases requiring expertise...
Location: Texas
Areas of Expertise: Barry J. Seldon, PhD. is a Senior Economist with Thomas Roney LLC, an economic consulting firm specializing in economic damages calculation and expert testimony for attorneys throughout the country. We help you be more effective with your case by...
Location: Wisconsin
Areas of Expertise: INTERNATIONALLY RECOGNIZED FOR HIS KNOWLEDGE, BACKGROUND AND EXPERIENCE IN A MULTITIUDE OF TELEPHONY AREAS, MR. WOODS PROVIDES IN-DEPTH ANALYSIS OF TELECOM ISSUES, AND THE ABILITY TO UNRAVEL COMPLEX ISSUES. REASONABLE, FAIR FEE STRUCTURE. Neil Woods...
Locations: California and Florida
Areas of Expertise: Litigation Economics, LLC has offices in CA, CT and FL; for contact information regarding these offices see Web site, www.litigationeconomics.com. Since 1985, experts at Litigation Economics, LLC have provided economic, accounting, and financial...
Location: Texas
Areas of Expertise: 40 years of experience with knowledge and expertise in complex business related technology issues, court appointed expert, economic analysis, economic evaluation, equipment valuation, damage assessment, insured property valuation and analysis,...
Location: California
Areas of Expertise: The leading consultant and testifying forensic expert witness on all issues related to photography: Copyright, licensing, contracts, business practices, industry standards, stock photography, model releases, rights of privacy/publicity, evaluation...
Location: California
Areas of Expertise: Robert Trout is a financial economist with over 30 years of experience in providing economic, financial and statistical consulting services to clients. Dr. Trout has testified in federal and state courts and before federal and state regulatory...
Location: Utah
Areas of Expertise: We have been in the consulting engineering field for over 25 years and specialize in the development of equipment in the following industries: Hydraulically operated equipment, trucks and related equipment, aerial lifts, industrial equipment, mobile...
Location: Washington
Areas of Expertise: Internationally renowned neuropsychiatrist, behavioral neurologist, psychopharmacologist, psychiatrist, epileptologist, in-demand communicator, civil forensic expert (defense or plaintiff), peer-respected clinician, extensively published academic,...
Location: California
Areas of Expertise: Specialized in Systems, Signals and Algorithms, with in-depth experience of software and firmware development, Dr. Freedman can help you with computer and physical science research, and patent claims analysis. Expert Consulting services for lawyers...
Location: California
Areas of Expertise: Teklicon, Inc. is a national, high technology expert witness consulting firm specializing in computers, hardware, software, microelectronics, semiconductors, telecommunications, electrical engineering, networking, mechanical engineering, materials,...
Location: California
Areas of Expertise: Dr. Pratt provides litigation consulting in the areas of structures, mechanisms, latches and fasteners. Before retiring as an aerospace industry executive in 2005, Dr. Pratt co-invented and led the development of the post-9/11 secure...
Location: California
Areas of Expertise: Experience and Qualifications: Marketing Executive. Client experienced. Advertising Agency background. Marketing, Business Strategies, Advertising Lecturer. Deposition tested. More than 35 years as a strategic marketing, advertising and media...
Location: Colorado
Areas of Expertise: Dr. Bhagat is a nationally recognized expert on lawsuits concerning governance aspects of the subprime crisis, valuation of private corporations, valuation of employee stock options, corporate governance, and impact of litigation on corporate value....
Location: California
Areas of Expertise: Scott Ganaja specializes in the design and manufacture of exercise, medical, bicycling, and consumer products. He is experienced in matters involving products liability, intellectual property, and manufacturing. Mr. Ganaja is a Professional...
Location: Louisiana
Areas of Expertise: Over 39 years successful accounting and business experience, Certified Public Accountant; Certified Fraud Examiner; Certified in Financial Forensics; Extensive testifying in federal and state courts for leading national law firms and Fortune 500...
Location: California
Areas of Expertise: Jack Goldberg is the President of Metrionix, Inc., a contract engineering and consulting business with expertise in medical devices, electronic instrumentation and components, measurement systems, radio frequency systems, audio and acoustics, signal...
Location: Ohio
Areas of Expertise: Mr. Dilling is an engineering consultant, specializing in the areas of: patent infringement, design and fatigue of weldments, CAD Modeling using Autodesk Inventor, and finite element analysis using ANSYS. He is a licensed Professional Engineer in the...
Location: California
Areas of Expertise: Burgess Forensics offers Computer Forensic & Electronic Discovery and Expert Witness and Testimony – since 1985. Burgess offers Macintosh Digital Forensics, Windows Digital Forensics, Cell Phone / Mobile / PDA Forensics using hundreds of tools...
Location: California
Areas of Expertise: SERVICES -Expert Witness: We provide expertise and testimony regarding a wide range of business and intellectual property issues. Our principals are Daubert qualified experts. -Value and Damages: CONSOR possesses exceptional experience assessing...
Location: Missouri
Areas of Expertise: Investigative Analytical Chemistry Chemical experts solve complex problems realted to food/beverages, personal care products, pharmaceuticals, medical devices, paints/coatings, packaging, plastic/polymers, chemicals, consumer products, and more....
Location: New York
Areas of Expertise: Nationally known marketing & sales expert. 40 years as an executive, consultant, Cornell MBA faculty (part-time) & seminar leader. Focus: 1. Lost sales, share & profits. 2. IP. Patents, trademarks, copyrights & trade secrets. 3. Distributors,...
Location: Maryland
Areas of Expertise: Bruce Dubinsky is Managing Director in the Dispute & Legal Management Practice at Duff & Phelps. Bruce has been qualified as an expert witness in cases involving criminal and civil fraud, commercial business damages, intellectual property and patent...
Location: California
Areas of Expertise: Brian Berg has extensive experience with storage devices and interfaces, e.g., Flash Memory, Solid State Disks (SSDs), Disk, Tape, CD, CD-ROM, DVD, WORM, RAID and Disk Arrays, as well as USB, SCSI, Fibre Channel, IDE/ATA/ATAPI, Storage Area Networks...
Location: California
Areas of Expertise: The National Expert Witness Network assists attorneys in pairing the "right" candidate for the client's needs at the lowest fees in the market. We provide senior consultants, both academics and industry practitioners, with extensive technical skills...
Location: California
Areas of Expertise: David G. Kay has taught computer law and computer science at the University of California for over 25 years, currently as a tenured senior lecturer at UC Irvine. As a member of the California Bar as well as a computer scientist, he brings unique...
Location: New York
Areas of Expertise: A member of the Industrial Designers Society of America and the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society with more than 49 years of professional experience. During his academic career as a tenured Professor at Pratt Institute, he lectured internationally...
Location: Texas
Areas of Expertise: I accept a small number of litigation support engagements to complement my regular employment as a professional engineer designing robots and computer controlled machines. My qualifications include peer-reviewed publications and over twenty years of...
Location: Connecticut
Areas of Expertise: Expert in Electromechanical Systems, including elevators, motion controls, motors, and safety systems. Experienced with patent analysis and infringement, contract disputes, and elevator accidents. Dr. Skalski is a practical engineer who is...
Location: California
Areas of Expertise: Over thirty years of experience in all aspects of medical device design and development from individual contributor to Vice President of Engineering and Manufacturing. Broad range of products including disposables (and associated hardware) of all...
Location: Connecticut
Areas of Expertise: J. Allen Kosowsky,CPA,CVA,CFE,DACFE,PFS is a forensic accountant with emphasis on Business and Intellectual Property Valuation, forensic accounting, economic damages, internal financial and accounting investigations, white collar fraud and criminal...
Location: California
Areas of Expertise: Dr. Shohet is Emeritus Professor of Medicine and Laboratory Medicine at the University of California, San Francisco. He is licensed in California and has served on several national hematology committees. His areas of expertise include hematology,...
Location: California
Areas of Expertise: Mr. Williams has deep experience in communications and embedded computer systems. Communications includes wireless technologies from Wi-Fi to satellites and DSL, ATM and optical technologies. Embedded systems include Linux, most commercial real time...
Location: Connecticut
Areas of Expertise: Business Valuation for tax, investment, litigation and other purposes. All industries. Nationwide. Designated by the ASA in Business Valuation.
Location: Michigan
Areas of Expertise: John Berninger has over 25 years experience in product liability cases involving hydraulic and pneumatic components/systems. These have included: explosion in tanning factory, regulator bursting on pressurized CO2 bottle, acid spill on railroad...
Location: Utah
Areas of Expertise: Patrick Kilbourne is a Director in the Salt Lake City office of LECG, a global consulting services firm. He has an MBA from The Wharton School and Master and Bachelor degrees in accounting. He holds both CPA and CMA certifications and is an expert in...
Location: California
Areas of Expertise: Dr. John Levy is a technical leader in the computer, software and data storage industry. He holds 7 U.S. patents, has advised two U.S. District Court judges, has litigation support experience in 30 cases involving patent, copyright, trade secret and...
Location: California
Areas of Expertise: L. Peter Petrovsky, PE, has provided services as an expert witness in applied civil and mechanical engineering science, building and earthwork contracting. His strength and experience is to successfully combine engineering and applied mechanics with...
Location: Texas
Areas of Expertise: We do accident investigation and reconstruction in the following areas: (1) Vehicle collisions (2) Industrial accidents (3) Mechanical and Electromechanical Products-related accidents and Products Liability (4) Construction site accidents (5)...
Location: California
Areas of Expertise: Telecommunications, Internet Networking, Patents Litigation Support, Expert Consultation UC Berkeley CET Industry Fellow and lecturer, School of Engineering. Scientist, inventor and educator in the areas of computer science and electrical engineering...
Location: California
Areas of Expertise: Stewart Forensic Consultants, LLC is an independent consulting firm providing investigation, forensic and litigation support to individuals, companies and firms. Our technical staff is headed by Larry Stewart who has over 29 years of experience with...
Location: California
Areas of Expertise: Mr. Nassimi is a 20 year veteran CEO of multiple R&D, manufacturing and distribution companies. Mr. Nassimi is a holder of 48 patents and patents pending. Mr. Nassimi has been involved in dozens of depositions as well court trials as plaintiff as...
Location: Nevada
Areas of Expertise: Litigation Expert and Consultant in areas of Juvenile products' industries; in toys, bicycles, juvenile furniture, swimming pools, playgrounds, and sports equipment.
Locations: Multiple Locations
Areas of Expertise: ForensisGroup, Inc. is a multi-disciplined expert resource group uniquely structured to provide you with high quality experts as expeditiously as possible. It is your ultimate source of experts since 1991! Thousands of our clients have gained the...
Location: California
Areas of Expertise: John Cosgrove, PE, CDP, has been a software engineer for over forty years and a self-employed consultant since 1970. His specialties include forensic engineering, project management, software architecture; real-time/critical systems; and...
Location: Illinois
Areas of Expertise: Dr. Dajani is a clinical pharmacologist and toxicologist and concurrently holds Adjunct Professor of Medicine appointment at Loyola University Chicago. He has more than 15 years experience in litigation support and testimony for plaintiff and defense...
Location: California
Areas of Expertise: Mr. Anson is a seasoned licensing and marketing professional with a long history of successful programs at firms such as Booz-Allen & Hamilton, Playboy Enterprises and Hang Ten International. He holds a Masters degree in Business Administration...
Locations: Multiple Locations
Areas of Expertise: Services nationwide. As a licensed Professional Engineer, inventor, scientist, manager, machinist, artist, scale model builder, and published author, Philip J. O'Keefe's professional accomplishments cover the gamut from a recognized expert within the...
Location: California
Areas of Expertise: Mr. Maltiel has more than 20 years experience in all phases of design and implementation of semiconductor processes and devices. He has worked in the semiconductor field in the development and production of storage technology and storage devices such...
Location: California
Areas of Expertise: Mr. Drews has more than twenty years experience as a financial analyst, primarily concentrated in valuing intellectual property of all types including trademarks, copyrights, patents, know-how, trade secrets and domain names. He has extensive...
Location: California
Areas of Expertise: Federal Forensics Group was founded by Eric Robi as an independent consulting firm specializing in computer forensics. Our experts provide court approved litigation support and testimony relating to digital evidence in criminal and civil matters....
Location: Florida
Areas of Expertise: Dr. Stern is a licensed Professional Engineer in the state of Florida and a principal engineer with Florida Forensic Engineering, Inc. in their Tampa, FL office. His expertise includes product liability and accident analysis. He specializes in...
Location: Texas
Areas of Expertise: Lynn Jones is a Certified Public Accountant licensed in multiple states, is Accredited in Business Valuation and is a Certified Fraud Examiner. He is past Chair of the Economic Damages Section of the California Society of CPAs and has served on an...
Location: New York
Areas of Expertise: Global Digital Forensics specializes in Computer Forensics, Electronic Evidence Discovery, Email Forensics and all types of electronic document discovery. Our experts are Certified Computer Forensic Specialists with experience testifying in numerous...
Location: New Jersey
Areas of Expertise: My technical background includes study and hands-on experience in building and maintaining electrical devices and electronic systems such as: remote control devices, security and alarm systems, wireless microphones, signal distribution panels,...
Location: Colorado
Areas of Expertise: Dr. Bruner specializes in medical device product liability issues with an emphasis on cardiothoracic surgery and dialysis devices. He also is quite knowledgeable about the regulations and standards covering medical devices. He has had over 30 years...
Location: Florida
Areas of Expertise: Ronald F. Worst provides over 13 years of private practice expertise in his areas of study as a security expert witness and fraud examiner. In addition, he is a noted speaker, educator, author, and radio personality in presenting his knowledge and...
Location: New York
Areas of Expertise: Expert Witnesses - Litigation Support Keegan & Company provides litigators with expert counsel and testimony on a wide range of marketing, consumer behavior research, intellectual property, and economic issues. From consumer surveys to international...
Location: Texas
Areas of Expertise: Professor Leon A. Kappelman, Ph.D. is a research scientist, teacher, author, speaker, and consultant dedicated to helping organizations and individuals better manage their information, technology, human, & financial assets. His research,...
Location: Illinois
Areas of Expertise: Nearly 30 years of academic experience in biomechanics and orthopedic research. We relate the traumatic event to the objects, kinematics and forces involved to recreate the injury pattern. Draganich Consulting provides expert witness and consulting...
Location: California
Areas of Expertise: Audio • Video • Digital Media Tape authentication, enhancement, transcription, voice identification and elimination, audibility, alarms and warnings, patent claims, acoustical compliance, gunshot analysis, musicology, digital media recovery from...
Locations: Multiple Locations
Areas of Expertise: Daryl L. Ebersole, PE, is a licensed Professional Engineer who worked as a Journeyman Electrician in the trade for eight years prior to becoming an engineer. He is a proven investigator of electrical causes of fires and expert witness in electrical...
Location: California
Areas of Expertise: Dr. Cohen has over 30 years experience in the architecture and implementation of complex software applications, ranging from bioinformatics to chip design tools to banking systems. He has been providing expert witness services in software...
Location: California
Areas of Expertise: Litigation Cost Management (LCM) provides expert legal fee analysis for both clients and law firms across all areas of civil litigation, including patent and other intellectual property, insurance coverage, fee-shifting and common fund cases, fee...
Locations: Multiple Locations
Areas of Expertise: Bill Wardell, MD,PhD, is a Board-certified Clinical Pharmacologist, & internationally respected consultant & expert witness on the devt, safety, approval & postmarket of drugs & medical devices (toxicity, product liability, label, clinical trials)....
Location: Louisiana
Areas of Expertise: Richard Parish, PhD, PE is an agricultural engineer with 35+ years' experience in consulting, design, research, teaching, extension, and management in agricultural and grounds maintenance equipment. He has been retained in cases involving personal...
Location: Texas
Areas of Expertise: Mr. Easttom has extensive experience in areas related to computer operating systems, software design, computer forensics, and computer security. He has, to date, 10 published computer science books, over 15 years of experience in industry, currently...
Location: Texas
Areas of Expertise: Preparation of valuation reports since 1985 for Exit Planning, Estate & Gift Tax, Buy/Sell Agreements, Adequacy of Life Insurance, Economic Loss Analysis, Partner Disputes, Dissenting Shareholder Actions, Disruption of Business & chief...
Location: Georgia
Areas of Expertise: Expert in business valuation and intellectual property. Willamette Management Associates has been a premier firm in the valuation profession for over 40 years. Curtis Kimball, CFA, ASA, is Managing Director of Willamette's Atlanta regional...
Location: California
Areas of Expertise: BROADBAND & MULTIMEDIA CONSULTING & EXPERT WITNESS SERVICES Specializing in broadband, multimedia and associated technologies, infrastructures and commercial environments, Mr. Wechselberger brings thirty years of experince in high tech...
Location: Florida
Areas of Expertise: JRL Consulting, was formed by Jack Long, following a corporate early retirement and after over 35 years in various engineering, sales, and international positions. The majority of his career was focused on railway equipment, and casting technology....
Location: Utah
Areas of Expertise: Mr. Hampton has 22 years of consulting experience and has testified in State and Federal courts, and other dispute resolution forums related to infringement of patents, trademarks, copyrights, and trade secrets. Mr. Hampton has performed numerous...
Location: California
Areas of Expertise: Dr. Lynne Weber is a Managing Director who leads the Strategic Finance Practice globally for Duff & Phelps. She also provides expert analysis and testimony for complex commercial litigation, including product liability, anti-trust, contract,...
Location: Illinois
Areas of Expertise: Dr. O'Donnell is a Pharmacologist, Pharmacist, and Nutritionist in Barrington, Illinois. His career has included Pharmacy Practice in a variety of settings, and consultations to Industry, Government, HealthCare, Publishing and Legal Fields. He is...
Location: New York
Areas of Expertise: Mr. Meyer R. Rosen has over thirty-five years of industrial and academic experience in chemistry and chemical engineering. He serves as an expert witness for attorneys, and insurance companies in both plaintiff and defense matters. Mr. Rosen...
Location: California
Areas of Expertise: Fernando Torres has over 25 years of work experience in Economics, Financial Analysis, and Business Management in the U.S. and Mexico. He holds a B.A. in Economics from the Metropolitan University in Mexico City (1980), a Graduate Diploma from the...
Location: Illinois
Areas of Expertise: Gossman Consulting, Inc. provides expert technical assistance to counsel in litigation involving chemical and environmental forensics, hazardous waste, hazardous materials, regulatory compliance, fires and explosions at hazardous waste facilities and...
Location: Illinois
Areas of Expertise: Dr. Charles C. Roberts, Jr. is an engineering consultant in the areas of accident reconstruction, failure analysis, structural analysis, heat transfer, fire origin analysis, computer analysis, mechanics, and biomechanics. He is a registered...
Location: California
Areas of Expertise: I have 40 years of diverse engineering experience and have earned 30 U.S. Patents including 25 for medical devices. I have served as an Expert Witness since 1995 in proceedings related to engineering, medical devices, consumer products, patent...