Driver Behavior Expert Witnesses
Accidents & Safety Expert Witness Listings
Find expert witnesses and consultants who may testify on all aspects of driver behavior by clicking on the following categories. These professionals may opine on driver recognition, driver inattention, and human factors. Consultants found on this page may provide reports regarding behavioral decision theory, behavioral expectations, and driver perception. These driver behavior experts may also opine on issues regarding defensive drivers, operator inattention, and driver impairment, as well as related topics.
These search results appear in random order. You may limit your search for Driver Behavior expert witnesses to your area by selecting a state from the drop down box.
Brooks Rugemer Commercial Trucking Specialist With nearly 15 years experience, Brooks understands all aspects of the commercial trucking industry. He has been involved with trucking, warehousing, and logistics and in a wide array of management...
Kenneth Nemire, Ph.D., CPE has provided litigation support on premises, products, motor vehicle, and workplace accident cases for over 18 years and has been retained by both plaintiff and defense. He has testified on human factors issues related to:...
Location: Pennsylvania
Areas of Expertise: Keystone Engineering Consultants, Inc. is a multi-discipline, broad-spectrum firm providing comprehensive and qualified forensic engineering, architecture, scientific, biomechanics, and fire/arson investigation expert services to the legal community,...
Location: Michigan
Areas of Expertise: Miller Engineering provides design engineering, safety, consumer research, and expert forensic and subrogation services in the following areas: Mechanical Engineering: Power Tools and Machine Guarding; Guarding and Entanglement Accidents; Compliance...
Location: Texas
Areas of Expertise: MECHANICAL & ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING Why should you choose us? OUR CREDENTIALS, COMPETENCE, CREDIBILITY, COMMUNICATION FOUR C’S: • Credentials: Ph.D.-level, tenured Mechanical & Electrical engineering professors, • Competence: Internationally...
Location: California
Areas of Expertise: Scott Moore & Associates specializes in traffic accident reconstruction and cause analysis. We offer a comprehensive list of services related to the investigation and forensic analysis of all types of traffic accidents. We specialize in auto, truck,...
Location: California
Areas of Expertise: Alison Vredenburgh, Ph.D., CPE, frequently serves as a human factors expert for products liability, ADA/FHA, personal injury and employment cases in the areas of human factors, safety, and industrial-organizational psychology. Dr. Vredenburgh has...
Location: Texas
Areas of Expertise: As a nationally-recognized expert in special needs transportation for children and adults I specialize in expert witness services for clients who are in litigation that references ADA, Section 504, IDEA, paratransit, transit, driver training, and...
Location: Texas
Areas of Expertise: AUTO FIRE & SAFETY CONSULTANTS, INC., (FORMERLY CAM COPE CONSULTING), provides investigative and expert witness services throughout the U.S. and Mexico. Our team of professionals has a wide range of expertise in the evaluation and investigation...
Location: Florida
Areas of Expertise: Visit our website for more than 50 condensed expert CVs. We offer a qualified team of engineers and scientists, covering hundreds of areas of expertise, are available to assist you in technical evaluations, scientific analysis, testimony and...
Location: Mississippi
Areas of Expertise: Location: Maryland
Areas of Expertise: Ronald E. Gots, M.D., Ph.D., is Chief Executive Officer of the International Center for Toxicology and Medicine, a division of The National Medical Advisory Services Group, in Rockville, Maryland. He received his A.B. in chemistry and his M.D. degree...
Location: California
Areas of Expertise: Over sixteen years experience as a consultant, inspector and tester within the automotive industry. More than ten years experience as a forensic automotive consultant for nationally known insurance companies and law firms. Qualified to testify in the...
Location: Arizona
Areas of Expertise: Dr. Eckstat provides consulting, expert witness and forensic investigation services in the scope of Consumer and Industrial Products ranging from appliances to watercraft, including firearms. He is a certified fire and explosion investigator. Dr....
Location: Texas
Areas of Expertise: GEO Associates provides litigation support services and expert witness testimony for civil and criminal investigations and insurance industry cases (both plaintiff and defendant) that involve Groundwater Pollution and Data Analysis, Forensic Geology...
Location: California
Areas of Expertise: Dr. Read, a practicing psychiatrist for twenty years, has qualified as a medical psychiatric expert witness in over 400 cases in federal and multiple state courts in matters regarding: Capacity, testimentary capacity, diminished capacity,...
Location: Florida
Areas of Expertise: Ralph Aronberg, P.E., established the firm in 1983. Since that time, Mr. Aronberg has reconstructed over 1500 accidents and testified in over 150 jury trials. Mr. Aronberg had been qualified as an expert in the fields of accident reconstruction,...
Location: New York
Areas of Expertise: Yarmus Engineering, P.C. has been providing Engineering services throughout the tri-state area since 1974. Andrew R. Yarmus, P.E., President of the firm, has worked in various engineering and construction capacities with the firm since 1987,...
Locations: Multiple Locations Areas of Expertise: ForensisGroup, Inc. is a multi-disciplined expert resource group uniquely structured to provide you with high quality experts as expeditiously as possible. It is your ultimate source of experts since 1991! Thousands of our clients have gained the...
Locations: Multiple Locations Areas of Expertise: Lance Watt Bus and Truck Expert Lance’s 45 years of transportation experience involves everything from aircraft to “stock cars” to triple tractor trailer combinations. His expertise includes vehicle and vehicle component testing and evaluation,...
Location: California
Areas of Expertise: Forensic Psychiatrist, Carole Lieberman, M.D., M.P.H., has a winning record as a leading Expert Witness and Trial Consultant in hundreds of civil and criminal cases. Many of these have been high profile, including: the Terri Schiavo appeal, Nevada...
Locations: Multiple Locations Areas of Expertise: Automobile, truck, bus, train, motorcycle, bicycle and pedestrian accident reconstructions. Occupant dynamics, seat belts, air bags, vehicle crashworthiness, product liability, human factors, collision causation, avoidance & prevention. Mr. Gayner...
Locations: Multiple Locations Areas of Expertise: D. WYLIE ASSOCIATES DRIVER ERROR ANALYSIS - Human Factors Forensic Science. Driver fatigue - Driver error - Hours of service violations - Truck and bus driver skill/knowledge requirements - Driver and motor carrier standards of care - Human factors...
Location: California
Areas of Expertise: Meckler Forensic Group, Los Angeles, California professionals headed by Principal Milton Meckler, P.E., CPC, CES, have 20 plus years experience in several specialty areas involving general building , engineered construction and construction...
Location: Florida
Areas of Expertise: Premises Safety and Liability • Retail Store Safety • Retail Display Safety • Falling Merchandise/Top Stock Accidents • Slips/Trips and Falls • Negligent Maintenance • Negligent Method of Operation Transportation,...
Location: Nevada
Areas of Expertise: Retired Stanford Human Factors Professor, Certified Professional Ergonomist, Registered Professional Engineer, and Board Certified Diplomate in Forensic Engineering. I specialize in forensic personal injury causation involving: workplace, machinery,...
Locations: Multiple Locations Areas of Expertise: Specialty: Bloomberg Consulting is an engineering consulting firm that specializes in reconstructing vehicle accidents to determine how they occurred. We evaluate accidents from two main viewpoints - the dynamics of each vehicle and the response of...
Location: California
Areas of Expertise: Dr. Vomhof is a ACTAR certified accident reconstructionist, with experience in auto, bicycle, pedestrian and motorcycle collisions, Human Factors, biomechanics, safety, labeling, product failure, and questioned documents. His mission is to provide an...
Location: Maryland
Areas of Expertise: David Lukcso, MD, MPH., is an expert in both Internal Medicine and Occupational and Environmental Medicine. As Chief Medical Officer, Medical Advisory Services division of The NMAS Group, Dr. Lukcso is responsible for aligning the efforts of the...
Locations: Multiple Locations Areas of Expertise: JEFFREY T. ANDRE, Ph.D. Human Factors, Visibility, and Lighting Dr. Andre is an expert in the field of human factors with an emphasis in visual perception. With nearly 20 years of experience in research and academia, he has specific experience...
Locations: Multiple Locations Areas of Expertise: ($140ph review NY, NJ, MD, PA, DE, VA, DC) • Accident Reconstruction: Car, Bus, Truck, Pedestrian, Bicycle, Motorcycle, Rollovers • Biomechanics,Occupant Injury • Safety Standards, Falls • Building Codes, Regulations, Standards &...
Locations: California and Utah
Areas of Expertise: Thirty five years of Automotive Safety Research and Development, Accident Reconstruction, Concept Vehicle Design and Manufacture as a Scientist, Project Manager, Senior Project Engineer, Designer, Development, Manufacturing and Test Engineer....
Location: Florida
Areas of Expertise: Dr. Ipser received his Ph.D. in physics from the California Institute of Technology in 1969. He is Professor of Physics at the University of Florida and regularly teaches a course on the ``Physics of Accident Reconstruction and Biomechanics'' there....
Location: California
Areas of Expertise: Kerry Berg is a recognized expert in the field of accident reconstruction and has been investigating and reconstructing traffic collisions since 1972. He has served over 24 years with two large, municipal law enforcement agencies. Mr. Berg has been a...
Location: Ohio
Areas of Expertise: Mr. Reed has over 25 years of hands-on experience in operation and maintenance of trucks, tractor-trailers and construction equipment along with 10 years in management of operations, safety and maintenance in the trucking and construction industry....
Locations: Multiple Locations Areas of Expertise: Technology Associates is a forensic engineering consulting company. Technology Associates has offices in Connecticut, New York, California and Florida. Our PhD’s, Professors and Licensed Professional Engineers provide attorneys, insurance companies...
Location: Montana
Areas of Expertise: Lew Grill specializes in the standard of care of truck drivers and the motor carriers who employ them. Lew Grill is a trucking expert with over 40 years of experience as a truck driver, owner operator, truck driver training instructor, truck driver...
Locations: Multiple Locations Areas of Expertise: Gary E. Kilpatrick and Associates P.A. is a forensic engineering firm dedicated to the application of the art, science and methodology of engineering and the scientific method to answer questions of fact in the jurisprudence system pertaining to...
Location: California
Areas of Expertise: Dr. Sanders has served as expert witness in over 1000 personal-injury litigations, representing both plaintiff and defense. He has testified in state and federal courts over 150 times on human factors issues dealing with such areas as: trip and fall...
Location: New York
Areas of Expertise: Dr. Abraham has over thirty years of international experience consulting to insurance companies, municipalities, government agencies, and the legal profession. He has consulted in more than 3,500 matters involving human factors, safety, personal...
Location: New Jersey
Areas of Expertise: A&C AUTOMOTIVE CONSULTING: SPECIALIZING IN TRAFFIC ACCIDENT RECONSTRUCTION and INVESTIGATIONS; VEHICLE DEFECT EXAMINATIONS, including CRASHWORTHINESS (cars, truck cabs), BRAKING and STEERING SYSTEM, SUSPENSION, SEATS, SEAT BACKS, SEAT BELTS, AIR...
Locations: Multiple Locations Areas of Expertise: Services nationwide. As a licensed Professional Engineer, inventor, scientist, teacher, manager, machinist, artist, scale model builder, and published author, Philip J. O'Keefe's professional accomplishments cover the gamut from a recognized expert...
Location: Georgia
Areas of Expertise: If you are looking for a Trucking Expert who not only knows the written text of the regulatory standards, but also has the hands-on trucking experience to properly identify and describe the industry standards of care, you have found him! Mr. Napier...
Location: California
Areas of Expertise: Degreed in Law and Engineering Licensed Professional Safety, Mechanical & Control Systems Engineer Licensed General & Mechanical Contractor Licensed Real Estate Broker ICBO/ICC Certified Building Inspector Certified Playground Inspector...
Location: New York
Areas of Expertise: Visit our website for more than 50 condensed expert CVs. We offer a qualified team of engineers and scientists, covering hundreds of areas of expertise, are available to assist you in technical evaluations, scientific analysis, testimony and...
Location: Georgia
Areas of Expertise: Trans-Tech Services is an experienced, professional organization specializing in vehicle collision reconstruction and analysis. For over a decade, we have provided various expert services including the collection of data, the interpretation and...
Location: Texas
Areas of Expertise: Donald G. Montgomery of SCLS Consulting (Safety, Compliance and Litigation Support) has over 25 years of experience in Transportation and Workplace Safety. He has guided some of the largest US Carriers through Successful DOT Audits, Litigation and...
Location: Ohio
Areas of Expertise: Visit our website for more than 50 condensed expert CVs. We offer a qualified team of engineers and scientists, covering hundreds of areas of expertise, are available to assist you in technical evaluations, scientific analysis, testimony and...
Location: Nevada
Areas of Expertise: American Safety Associates, Inc. is a nationwide safety consulting firm. We have a full staff of qualified experts in a variety of safety disciplines. These disciplines include: Occupational Safety and Health (OSHA)* Mine Safety and Health (MSHS)...
Location: North Carolina
Areas of Expertise: Barrett Engineering has been determining the causes of accidents and fires for insurance companies, attorneys, industries, and governmental agencies since 1977. Offering a unique combination of education and experience, Dr. Rolin F. Barrett, Sr. and...
Locations: Multiple Locations Areas of Expertise: Luka Serdar, Jr. Vehicles, Crash, and Motorsport Event Expert Luka is a mechanical engineer with over 25 years of experience in vehicle design, mechanical systems, crash investigation, motorsports events, and vehicle failure analysis. He has worked...
Locations: Multiple Locations Areas of Expertise: Raymond L. Lee, Ph.D. Object Visibility, Lighting, Meteorology Dr. Lee is an expert in the effect of weather events such as snow and ice conditions, glare from sun and headlights, and visibility under different lighting and weather conditions on...
Location: Illinois
Areas of Expertise: Dr. Charles C. Roberts, Jr. is an engineering consultant in the areas of accident reconstruction, failure analysis, structural analysis, heat transfer, fire origin analysis, computer analysis, mechanics, and biomechanics. He is a registered...
Location: Ohio
Areas of Expertise: Welcome to Emergency Services Consultants, experts and consultants specializing in emergency medical services, firefighting and police operations. We are an organization designed to provide expert consultation to law firms as well as in-depth...
Location: Ohio
Areas of Expertise: Since 1995 Dr. Klein has been the Executive Director of an Ohio 5 physician office-based, and corporate on-site occupational company healthcare service. Peforms and supervises all clinical services: injury/illness treatment, Drugscreen Medical...
Location: Virginia
Areas of Expertise: Bulk Liquid Terminal Consultant for over 30 years; experience at over 500 aboveground tank terminals in 43 states. Qualified for environmental, safety, health, fire, explosion, variance, loss, and security matters. Clients have included the U.S....
Locations: Idaho and Washington
Areas of Expertise: Uhl specializes in safety & training issues related to off-highway vehicles (OHVs). This includes ATVs, Quads, snowmobiles, motorcycle dirt bikes, & utility vehicles (UTVs / side-by-sides). Uhl is Senior Instructor for OHV Training, designated as a...
Location: New York
Areas of Expertise: Eugene R. Camerota, PE is a consulting engineer specializing in Accident Reconstruction and Product Liability. He has experience in reconstructing all types of accidents including automotive, motorcycle, truck, snowmobile, construction equipment and...
Location: Florida
Areas of Expertise: Serving insurance companies and law firms since 1999, A. D. Stokes, LLC, (ADS) is a forensic consulting firm that specializes in accident investigation and accident reconstruction, as well as diagrams, video and photographic demonstrative aids. We...
Location: California
Areas of Expertise: Robert Douglas is a former State Forensic Engineer with offices in Long Beach, Riverside, San Diego, Las Vegas, and El Paso. He has over 35 years experience in the Accident Reconstruction and Traffic/Transportation/Civil Engineering field and has...
Location: Texas
Areas of Expertise: Civil litigation involving trucks, trailers, forklifts, autos, and trucking real estate issues requires the services of knowledgeable experts, from discovery through resolution. I have been actively involved with vehicles since the age of eight, and...
Location: New York
Areas of Expertise: Personal injury analyst. BA, MS, SM, PhD in physics & psychology (including MIT); 40 yrs R&D, teaching, trial testimony, industrial training, 'in the trenches'. Perception, vision, warnings, equipment/product design, vehicle/industrial...
Locations: Multiple Locations Areas of Expertise: Mr. Gary A. Derian, PE, is a registered Professional Engineer with a broad background in tire and automotive engineering. He has trained drivers in high performance driving, designed factory automation equipment and has a solid sense of safe...
Location: Texas
Areas of Expertise: Mr. Le Cocq holds a Masters Degree in Automotive Engineering and Bachelors of Science Degrees in Mechanical and Industrial Engineering as well as graduate studies in Experimental Psychology. He has over thirty-seven years Human Factors Engineering...
Location: California
Areas of Expertise: The purpose of our company is to help those who “…need to know what Really happened…” by answering their question in a concise, courteous, timely, courtroom defensible, technically accurate, cost effective manner, by using...
Location: California
Areas of Expertise: It's not just about products; it's process that counts. Prudence begins before the first dollar gets invested; awareness and understanding is essential; due diligence, care and monitoring does not end simply because one signed an account agreement....
Location: Pennsylvania
Areas of Expertise: Doctor of occupational therapy, certified professional ergonomist and vocational expert. I establish capacity to work. I consider the medical condition and its functional consequences, the work requirements (both real and prescribed), as well as the...
Location: New York
Areas of Expertise: Mr. Grahme Fischer has over 40 years of experience practicing various aspects of mechanical and forensic engineering. He has conducted and/or supervised many hundreds of accident investigations involving automobiles, trucks, motorcycles, bicycles,...
Location: New Jersey
Areas of Expertise: Mr. Leppard has been active in aviation accident investigation and reconstruction since 1965. He participated with the NTSB in over 25 field investigations, and has assisted in the reconstruction of over 100 accidents. He is an experienced trial...
Location: Washington
Areas of Expertise: Internationally renowned neuropsychiatrist, behavioral neurologist, psychopharmacologist, psychiatrist, epileptologist, in-demand communicator, civil forensic expert (defense or plaintiff), peer-respected clinician, extensively published academic,...
Location: Florida
Areas of Expertise: Mr. Bogert is a Professional Consultant in the Art and Science of Safety and Security, and has a diversified realm of Certifications and Registrations in Loss Control, and provides Litigation Support and Expert Witness Services in a wide variety of...
Locations: Multiple Locations Areas of Expertise: Ron Schaible, CIH, CSP, P.E. is a Certified Industrial Hygienist, Certified Safety Professional, and Registered Professional Engineer #36714-Safety (Massachusetts)with more than 35 years of experience in environmental and occupational and...
Location: New York
Areas of Expertise: Mr. Levine is a professional Engineer in NY and NJ in private consulting practice since 1983. He has worked in the field of Traffic, Highway and Civil Engineering since 1970. He has a BSCE from Michigan State University and a MSTE from Rensselear...
Location: Colorado
Areas of Expertise: Dr. Purswell has been qualified as an expert in Human Factors, Ergonomics, and Industrial Safety (including OSHA issues) and Product Safety. He has testified in numerous cases with respect to the adequacy of product warnings and instructions. Example...
Location: California
Areas of Expertise: Visit our website for more than 50 condensed expert CVs. We offer a qualified team of engineers and scientists, covering hundreds of areas of expertise, are available to assist you in technical evaluations, scientific analysis, testimony and...
Location: Pennsylvania
Areas of Expertise: Lapina & Associates, LLC is a forensic engineering and sciences consulting firm providing litigation support regarding losses encountered by individuals and companies. We consult in many technical areas. Our technical staff consists of...
Locations: Illinois and North Carolina
Areas of Expertise: Jim Gadwood has successfully completed 38 years of experience within the Chemical Process Industry. He is an experienced PLANT MANAGER with an extensive background in CHEMICAL PLANT and SAFETY MANAGEMENT. EXPERT WITNESS SERVICES: Deposition and Trial...
Location: California
Areas of Expertise: Mr. Anolik has testified or consulted in hundreds of cases on a variety of issues including, but not limited to, custom and practice, risk and crisis management, industry evaluations and security for air, cruise, coach, resort and tour operators. He...
Location: California
Areas of Expertise: Our nationwide network of experts, including President and former Federal government research scientist, H. Harvey Cohen, Ph.D., CPE, provide litigation support on premises, products, motor vehicle, workplace, and recreational accident cases. The...
Location: Colorado
Areas of Expertise: David R. Lenorovitz, PhD, CPE, is a Human Factors Engineer / Ergonomist with over 40 years of professional experience. His expertise is in specifying, designing, developing, testing, evaluating, and enhancing the human-system-interfaces for users of...
Locations: Multiple Locations Areas of Expertise: William J. Vigilante, Jr., Ph.D. Human Factors, Ergonomics, Visibility, Lighting, Product Safety, Warnings and Audible Alarms Dr. Vigilante has extensive research and practical experience in the science of human factors/ergonomics. He analyzes how...
Location: Illinois
Areas of Expertise: Premises Safety and Liability • Retail Store Safety • Retail Display Safety • Falling Merchandise/Top Stock Accidents • Slips/Trips and Falls • Negligent Maintenance • Negligent Method of Operation Transportation,...
Location: Massachusetts
Areas of Expertise: Dr. Cohen is an Ph.D Chemist and Certified Industrial Hygienist, who consults and testifies regarding Chemistry, Adverse Chemical Effects, DWI, Liquor Liability, Dram Shop, Alcohol Toxicology and Effects, Hazardous Substances, Industrial Hygiene,...
Location: Florida
Areas of Expertise: Mr. Roland Brown is a Transportation Consultant with over thirty-five years of experience in the trucking and motor fleet industry. He has served in an advisory position to several manufacturing companies who operate private fleets of vehicles and to...
Location: California
Areas of Expertise: Providing comprehensive expert consulting in automotive litigation cases: • Automotive manufacturing and design defects analysis • Seatbelt/Airbag design and protection performance analysis • Vehicle suspension/handling testing and failure...
Location: Florida
Areas of Expertise: Alcohol Solutions, LLC and Maj. Mark Willingham provide litigation support, forensic consulting, and expert witness services in Dram Shop cases, Alcohol-Related Injury and Death cases, and other matters involving the sale, service and use of beverage...
Location: Florida
Areas of Expertise: I am an expert in mechanical engineering and have testified in numerous state and federal jurisdictions as well as in other countries. I have a team of associates that perform investigations into cases involving vehicle, industrial and construction...
Location: Texas
Areas of Expertise: Established in 1981, SEAL specializes in providing multi-disciplined engineering and scientific consulting, product testing, safety and forensic engineering (failure analysis) services to manufacturers and their corporate counsel, defense and...
Location: Massachusetts
Areas of Expertise: Northeast Watercraft Reconstruction Specialists investigates and reconstructs pleasure craft, personal watercraft and near coastal commercial collisions. These are the types of vessels the staff at NeWARS operate and are experts in and around. This...
Location: Florida
Areas of Expertise: Ms. Campbell has a B.S. in Industrial Engineering with specialties in Industrial accident reconstruction, including forklifts, construction machinery, appliances, and manufacturing equipment; Slip, trip and fall investigation and analysis; OSHA...
Location: New Mexico
Areas of Expertise: Dr. Watts has thirty-four (34) years' experience in force analysis, shock physics, impact damage effects, explosions, and weapon design; including theory, research, development, and testing. Expert in material and system behavior response due to...
Location: Illinois
Areas of Expertise: Dr. Mortimer is an engineering psychologist with over 30 years experience providing human factors expert witness testimony on behalf of plaintiff and defense attorneys in cases involving traffic crashes, vehicle design and other products, warnings,...
Location: Florida
Areas of Expertise: Meckler Forensic Group, St. Petersburg, Florida professionals headed by Principal Milton Meckler, P.E., CPC, CES, have 20 plus years experience in several specialty areas involving general building, engineered construction and construction...
Locations: Multiple Locations Areas of Expertise: Dr. Martin Moore-Ede, M.D., PhD. is a leading international expert on driver fatigue and duty-rest regulations in transportation accidents, including truck, bus, automobiles, marine, rail (freight and passenger), public transit vehicles and aviation....
Location: Arizona
Areas of Expertise: Dr. Bakken is a specialist in human factors/ergonomics and safety. For more than 30 years he has been learning about, applying and communicating to others the traditional human factors/ergonomics characteristics and safety issues associated with...
Driver Behavior Expert Witnesses by State
- Alabama,
- Alaska,
- Arizona,
- Arkansas,
- California,
- Colorado,
- Connecticut,
- Delaware,
- District of Columbia,
- Florida,
- Georgia,
- Hawaii,
- Idaho,
- Illinois,
- Indiana,
- Iowa,
- Kansas,
- Kentucky,
- Louisiana,
- Maine,
- Maryland,
- Massachusetts,
- Michigan,
- Minnesota,
- Mississippi,
- Missouri,
- Montana,
- Nebraska,
- Nevada,
- New Hampshire,
- New Jersey,
- New Mexico,
- New York,
- North Carolina,
- North Dakota,
- Ohio,
- Oklahoma,
- Oregon,
- Pennsylvania,
- Rhode Island,
- South Carolina,
- South Dakota,
- Tennessee,
- Texas,
- Utah,
- Vermont,
- Virginia,
- Washington,
- West Virginia,
- Wisconsin,
- Wyoming